CRUSADERS , RANIER ZENO 1253-1268 QUARTAROLO ------RARE
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ALL THE COINS ARE GENUINE TO 100 % , AUTHENTICITY GUARANTEED .NUMISMATIK MÜNCHEN IS A COMPANY LOCATED IN MÜNCHEN ( GERMANY)WE ARE BUSINESS SELLERS . ____________________________________________________________________________Crusaders , Italy , Venice , Ranier Zeno 1253-68 , quartarolo , rare The Crusades were a series of religiously sanctioned military campaigns waged by much of Latin [ambiguous ] Christian Europe , particularly the Franks of France and the Holy Roman Empire . The specific crusades to restore Christian control of the Holy Land were fought over a period of nearly 200 years, between 1095 and 1291. Other campaigns in Spain and Eastern Europe continued into the 15th century. The Crusades were fought mainly by Roman Catholic forces (taking place after the East-West Schism and mostly before the Protestant Reformation ) against Muslims who had occupied the near east since the time of the Rashidun Caliphate , although campaigns were also waged against pagan Slavs , pagan Balts , Jews , Russian and Greek Orthodox Christians , Mongols , Cathars , Hussites , Waldensians , Old Prussians , and political enemies of the various popes .[ 1] [page needed ] Orthodox Christians also took part in fighting against Islamic forces in some Crusades. Crusaders took vows and were granted penance for past sins , often called an indulgence
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