Diocletian/parazonium/Jupiter/Victory/Rare original Roman coin/ancient silvering

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an282 Diocletian, 284-305 AD. AE antoninianus 20-21mm. 3.12gm. Siscia mint. (Good VF) Well centered superb specimen. Original patina over superb ancient silvering. Better in hand. Obv./ IMP C C VAL DIOCLETIANVS AVG, radiate, draped & cuirassed bust right.Rev./ CONCORDIA MILITVM, Diocletian standing right, holding parazonium, receiving Victory from Jupiter standing left with sceptre. A center, XXI in ex. Authenticity guaranteed. Original ancient Roman coin. In Roman mythology , Jupiter or Jove was the king of the gods , and the god of sky and thunder . He is the equivalent of Zeus in the Greek pantheon . He was called Iuppiter (or Diespiter ) Optimus Maximus ("Father God the Best and Greatest"). As the patron deity of ancient Rome , he ruled over laws and social order. He was the chief god of the Capitoline Triad , with sister/wife Juno . Jupiter is also the father of the god Mars with Juno. Therefore, Jupiter is the grandfather of Romulus and Remus , the legendary founders of Rome. Jupiter was venerated in ancient Roman religion , and is still venerated in Roman Neopaganism . He is a son of Saturn , along with brothers Neptune and Pluto . He is also the brother/husband of Ceres (daughter of Saturn and mother of Proserpina ), brother of Veritas (daughter of Saturn), and father of Mercury . Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus (c. 22 December 244 – 3 December 311), born Diocles ( Greek : Διοκλῆς ) and commonly known as Diocletian , was Roman Emperor from 20 November 284 to 1 May 305. Born to a Dalmatian family of low status, he rose through the ranks of the military to become cavalry commander to the emperor Carus . After the deaths of Carus and his son Numerian on campaign in Persia, Diocletian was acclaimed emperor by the army. A brief confrontation with Carus' other surviving son Carinus at the Battle of the Margus removed the only other claimant to the title. With his ascension to power, he ended the Crisis of the Third Century . Diocletian appointed fellow-officer Maximian his Augustus , his senior co-emperor, in 285. He delegated further on 1 March 293, appointing Galerius and Constantius as Caesars , junior co-emperors. Under this " Tetrarchy ", or "rule of four", each emperor would rule over a quarter-division of the empire. In campaigns against Sarmatian and Danubian tribes (285–90), the Alamanni (288), and usurpers in Egypt (297–98), Diocletian secured the empire's borders and purged it of threats to his power. In 299, Diocletian led negotiations with Sassanid Persia , the empire's traditional enemy, and achieved a lasting and favorable peace. Diocletian separated and enlarged the empire's civil and military services and re-organized the empire's provincial divisions, establishing the largest and most bureaucratic government in the history of the empire. He established new administrative centers in Nicomedia , Mediolanum , Antioch , and Trier , closer to the empire's frontiers than the traditional capital at Rome had been. Building on third-century trends towards absolutism, Diocletian styled himself an autocrat, elevating himself above the empire's masses with imposing forms of court ceremonial and architecture. Bureaucratic and military growth, constant campaigning, and construction projects increased the state's expenditures, and necessitated a comprehensive tax reform. From at least 297 on, imperial taxation was standardized, made more equitable, and levied at generally higher rates. Not all Diocletian's plans were successful; the Edict on Maximum Prices (301), Diocletian's attempt to curb inflation via price controls , was unsuccessful, counterproductive, and quickly ignored. Although effective while he ruled, Diocletian's Tetrarchic system collapsed after his abdication under the competing dynastic claims of Maxentius and Constantine , sons of Maximian and Constantius respectively. The Diocletianic Persecution (303–11), the empire's last, largest, and bloodiest official persecution of Christianity , did not destroy the empire's Christian community... read more

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