1 Dirham (23th Sasanian emperor Khosrau II) 579-590 ad silver

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SEE ATTACHED PHOTO BEFORE ORDERING!!! ALL COINS ARE GUARANTEED GENUINE ( 15 DAY RETURN PRIVILEGE FOR ANY REASON) ITEM DESCRIPTION1 Dirham (23th Sasanian emperor Khosrau II) 35 mm 4.0 grams silverKhosrau II ( Chosroes II in classical sources, entitled "Aparvez"; later garbled into Parviz ), "The Victorious" - ( Middle Persian : 𐭧𐭥𐭮𐭫𐭥𐭣𐭩 Husrō(y) ; also Khusraw Parvēz , New Persian : خسرو پرویز Khosrow Parviz ), was the last great king of the Sasanian Empire , reigning from 590 to 628. [1] He was the son of Hormizd IV (reigned 579-590) and the grandson of Khosrau I (reigned 531-579). He was the last king of Persia to have a lengthy reign before the Muslim conquest of Iran , which began five years after his death by assassination. He lost his throne, then recovered it with Roman help, and, a decade later, went on to emulate the feats of the Achaemenids , conquering the rich Roman provinces of the Middle East ; much of his reign was spent in wars with the Byzantine Empire and struggling against usurpers such as Bahram Chobin and Vistahm .In works of Persian literature such as the Shahnameh and Khosrow and Shirin ( Persian : خسرو و شیرین ‎), a famous tragic romance by Nizami Ganjavi (1141−1209), a highly elaborated fictional version of Khosrau's life made him one of the greatest heroes of the culture, as much as a lover as a king. Khosrow and Shirin tells the story of his love for the Aramean princess Shirin , who becomes his queen after a lengthy courtship strewn with mishaps and difficulties.Contents 1 Biography 1.1 Early life 1.2 Personality and skills 1.3 Accession to the throne 2 Reign 2.1 Rebellion of Vistahm 2.2 Music during the reign of Khosrau II 2.3 Religious policy 2.4 Deposition of the Lakhmid king 2.5 Invasion of the Byzantine Empire 2.6 Turko-Hephthalite invasion 2.7 Invasion and defeat by the Byzantine Empire 2.8 Overthrow and death 3 Muhammad's letter to Khosrau II 4 In art 5 Family 5.1 Family tree 6 See also 7 References 8 SourcesBiography Early lifeKhosrau II was born around 570; his father was Hormizd IV and his mother descended from the Ispahbudhan from Parthia ; his mother's two brothers named Vinduyih and Vistahm were to have a profound influence in Khosrau II's early life. [1]Personality and skillsHistorian Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari describes him as:Excelling most of the other Persian kings in bravery, wisdom and forethought, and none matching him in military might and triumph, hoarding of treasures and good fortunes, hence the epithet Parviz , meaning victorious. [2]According to a legend, Khosrau had a shabestan in which over 3,000 concubines resided. [2]Accession to the throne Map of the Roman-Persian frontier during Late Antiquity, including the 591 border between the two empires.Khosrau was raised to the throne by his two uncles Vistahm and Vinduyih, who were the leaders of a palace coup that deposed, blinded and killed Hormizd IV. [3] [4] However, at the same time, the Mihranid spahbed Bahram Chobin , was marching towards the Sasanian capital of Ctesiphon , and battle shortly ensued near the city on 28 February, which ended Khosrau's defeat and his flight to Byzantine territory along with his two uncles.In order to get the attention of the Byzantine emperor Maurice (r. 582-602), Khosrau II went to Syria , and sent a message to the Sasanian occupied city of Martyropolis to stop their resistance against the Byzantines, but with no avail. [5] He then sent a message to Maurice, and requested his help to regain the Sasanian throne, which the Byzantine emperor agreed with; in return, the Byzantines would re-gain sovereignty over the cities of Amida , Carrhae , Dara and Miyafariqin . Furthermore, Persia was required to cease intervening in the affairs of Iberia and Armenia , effectively ceding control of Lazistan to the Byzantines. [6] [7]In 591, Khosrau moved to Constantia , and prepared to invade the Sasanian controlled part of Mesopotamia , while Vistahm and Vinduyih were raising an army in Azerbaijan under the observation of the... read more

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