Mitchell s 1861 Antique Street Map of Boston

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Throughout the first half of the 1860 s, the attention of the nation was focused on the Civil war that raged throughout much of the United States. After Abraham Lincoln s election in 1860, South Carolina seceded from the Union. In 1861 the first shot of the war was fired at Ft. Sumter. Kansas became a state. Union forces were defeated at Bull Run (Manassas) and again at this same location in 1862. Ulysses S. Grant won the Battle of Shiloh and Robert E. Lee s invasion of the north was turned back at Antietam. Also in 1862, President Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation (effective January 1, 1863), while Congress authorized the construction of a railroad to the Pacific. In 1863, Lee s Army of Northern Virginia defeated Union forces at Chancellorsville, VA. Grant captured the Confederate fortress city of Vicksburg and Lee was defeated at Gettysburg. West Virginia split off from the Confederate sate of Virginia to become a state in the Union. Arizona and Idaho became U.S. territories. General Grant is made Commander-in-Chief of the Union armies in 1864 and begins a series of bloody battles that will soon have the Army of the Potomac surrounding Richmond and Petersburg, Virginia. General Sherman begins his march to Atlanta and the on to Savannah. Abraham Lincoln is reelected President in the wake of Union success on the battlefield. read more