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Red Illuminated Javanese Amir Hamzah Manuscript Leaf
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Red Illuminated Javanese Amir Hamzah Manuscript Leaf
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A rare handwritten manuscript leaf (with two sides of written text) from Indonesia, written in the Javanese language, using the unique and distinctive Javanese script, which itself is derived from the Brahmi script of India. Throughout Asia, the stories of the hero Amir Hamzah, a noble and brave companion and also the uncle of the Prophet Muhammad, have been very popular with people of all ages due to their romantic as well as philosophical content. The stories are originally Persian, but came to the Malay and Javanese world via India. They celebrate the triumph of Islam and trace Hamzah's conquests in love and war, often coupled with fantastic elements and sequences. The text is actually written poetic stanzas in sections of different poetic metres. The beautiful handwritten red rubricated monogram design is found five (5) times on this leaf, and this distinctive red symbol marks the beginning of a new stanza in the poetic text. Each brown colored sheet has writing on both sides using a distinctive brownish-black ink. It is made of thin paper. While some have suggested a 19th century date for this manuscript, Dr. Timothy Behrend, a professor of Indonesian Studies at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, and an expert on Javanese literature and manuscripts, has more reliably suggested a date of early 20th century for this manuscript, based on laylines and chainlines (which are the horizontal and vertical watermark lines) in the paper used. Its size is 6 3/4 in. x 8 1/4 in. (= 176 mm x 211 mm). Each side is ruled with a vertical line in the left column that provided the point for the scribe to begin the lines, since the writing is done from the left to the right of each line, just as in English. T are 14 lines on each side. The leaf has some stain and discoloration, due to age and use. These are original manuscript leaves, not a reproduction. Its authenticity is 100% guaranteed. The following is from WIKIPEDIA: Javanese is the language of the people in the central and eastern parts of the island of Java , in Indonesia . In addition, t are also some pockets of Javanese speakers in the northern coast of western Java. It is the native language of more than 75,500,000 people. The Javanese language is part of the Austronesian family, and is tfore related to Indonesian . Many speakers of Javanese also speak Indonesian for official and business purposes, and to communicate with non-Javanese Indonesians. Besides in Indonesia, t are large communities of Javanese-speaking people in the neighbouring countries such as East Timor , Malaysia , Singapore , Australia , and also Hong Kong and Taiwan . In addition t are also Javanese-speaking people in Suriname , the Netherlands , and New Caledonia . The Javanese speakers in Malaysia are especially found in the states of Selangor and Johore . (For example, the former Chief Minister of Selangor, Khir Toyo , is an ethnic Javanese.) Javanese belongs to the Sundic sub-branch of the Western Malayo-Polynesian (also called Hesperonesian) branch of the Malayo-Polynesian subfamily of the Austronesian super family. It is a close linguistic relative of Malay, Sundanese , Madurese , Balinese , and to a lesser extent, of various Sumatran and Borneo languages, including Malagasy and Filipino . Javanese is spoken in Central and East Java, as well as on the north coast of West Java. In Madura, Bali, Lombok and the Sunda region of West Java, Javanese is also used as a literary language . It was the court language in Palembang , South Sumatra , until their palace was sacked by the Dutch in the late 18th century. Javanese can be regarded as one of the classical languages of the world, with a vast literature spanning more than 12 centuries. Scholars divide the development of Javanese language in four different stages: Old Javanese, from the 9th century Middle Javanese, from the 13th century New Javanese, from the 16th century Modern Javanese, from 20th century (this classification is not used universally)Javanese i... 
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