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Red Illuminated Ottoman Turkish Leaf Risalah on Feraiz
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Red Illuminated Ottoman Turkish Leaf Risalah on Feraiz
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This 18th century leaf is beautifully written in the Ottoman Turkish language and contains the text of a Risalah (which is a short composition on some issued in science) about "ilm-i Feraiz." The term "Feraiz" is the plural of the word that means "religious duties." Size is 6 1/2 in. x 8 3/4 in. (= 167 mm x 221 mm). T is discoloration and occasional water stains, due to its age and use, but the Ottoman Turkish text is still distinct and very readable. This is an original manuscript, not a modern reproduction. Authenticity is 100% guaranteed. Ottoman Turkish was the variant of the Turkish language that was used as the administrative and literary language of the Ottoman Empire . It contains extensive borrowings from Arabic and Persian languages. As a result of this process, Ottoman Turkish was largely unintelligible to the less educated members of society . Ultimately, however, spoken Turkish would come to be greatly influenced by Ottoman Turkish. StructureThat Ottoman Turkish's Arabicborrowings were not the result of the direct exposure of the language to Arabic is evidenced by the typically Persian phonological mutation of the words of Arabic origin. The conservation of archaic phonological features of the Arabic borrowings suggests that the Arabic-enriched Persian was absorbed into pre-Ottoman Turkic at an early stage, when the speakers were still located to the northeast of Persia, prior to the westward migration of the Turkic tribes under Islam. An additional argument for this is that Ottoman Turkish shares the Persianate character of its Arabic borrowings with other Turkic languages that had even less interaction with Arabic, such as Tatar . In a social and pragmatic sense, t were (at least) three variants of Ottoman Turkish: Fasih Türkçe (Eloquent Turkish): Language of poetry and administration. Orta Türkçe (Middle Turkish): Language of higher classes and trade. Kaba Türkçe (Vulgar Turkish): Language of lower classes.A person would use each of variants above for different purposes. For example, a scribe would use the Arabic asel for honey when drafting documents but the Turkish bal when buying it. HistoryHistorically, Ottoman Turkish was transformed in three eras: Eski Osmanl? Türkçesi (Old Ottoman Turkish): The version of Ottoman Turkish used until 16th century. It was almost identical with the Turkish used by Seljuks and Anatolian Turkish Beyliks , thus often regarded as part of Eski Anadolu Türkçesi (Ancient Anatolian Turkish). Orta Osmanl? Türkçesi (Middle Ottoman Turkish) or Klasik Osmanl?ca (Classical Ottoman Turkish): Language of poetry and administration from 16th century until Tanzimat . This is the version of Ottoman Turkish that comes to most people's minds. Yeni Osmanl? Türkçesi (New Ottoman Turkish): Shaped from 1850s to 20th century under influence of journalism and Western-oriented literature. Language reformIn 1928 , following the fall of the Ottoman Empire after World War I and the establishment of Republic of Turkey , widespread language reforms (a part in the greater framework of Atatürk's Reforms ) instituted by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk saw the replacement of many Persian and Arabic origin loanwords in the language with their Turkish equivalents. It also saw the replacement of the Arabic script with the extended Latin alphabet . The changes were meant to encourage the growth of a new variety of written Turkish that more closely reflected the spoken vernacular, as well as to foster a new variety of spoken Turkish that more explicitly reflected Turkey's new national identity as being a post-Ottoman state . Please see the list of replaced loanwords in Turkish for more examples on Ottoman Turkish words and their modern Turkish counterparts. LegacyHistorically speaking, Ottoman Turkish is not the predecessor of modern Turkish, but rather the standard Turkish of today is essentially Yeni Osmanl? Türkçesi as written in the Latin alphabet and with an abundance of neologisms added. One major differe... 
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