TRUE 1st EDITION History of California Robert Cleland

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TRUE 1st EDITION History of California Robert Cleland This auction is for an amazing true First Edition 2 Book Set on the History of California. This book has gone at auction for over $300 in far less shape. Titles: From Wilderness to Empire a History of California AND California in our Time 1900-1940 Author: Robert Glass Cleland Publishing date: 1947 FIRST EDITION Binding: HC Book Condition: Book is in Great, near mint condition. Strong spines and bindings no rips or tears. Minimal Shelf wear Due to age. Strong condition. A Must have for the collector or scholar. Beautiful on display in the home or office. Publisher: Alfred A. Knopf Illustrated: N/A First Edition: YES Signatures: N/A Summary: History History of California To 1899 Gold Rush (1848) American Civil War (1861-1865) Since 1900 Maritime Railroad Highways Slavery Los Angeles Sacramento San Diego San Francisco San Jose Main articles: History of California to 1899 and History of California 1900 to present Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, California was one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse areas in pre-Columbian North America ; the area was inhabited by more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans . Large, settled populations lived on the coast and hunted sea mammals, fished for salmon, and gatd shellfish, while groups in the interior hunted terrestrial game and gatd nuts, acorns, and berries. California groups also were diverse in their political organization with bands, tribes, villages, and on the resource-rich coasts, large chiefdoms, such as the Chumash , Pomo and Salinan . Trade, intermarriage, and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups.The first European to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was the Portuguese João Rodrigues Cabrilho , in 1542, sailing for the Spanish Empire . Some 37 years later, the English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed an undefined portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila Galleons on their return trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565. Sebastián Vizcaíno explored and mapped the coast of California in 1602 for New Spain .Spanish missionaries began setting up twenty-one California Missions along the coast of what became known as Alta California (Upper California), together with small towns and presidios . The first mission in Alta California was established at San Diego in 1769. [13 ] In 1821, the Mexican War of Independence gave Mexico (including California), independence from Spain; for the next twenty-five years, Alta California remained a remote northern province of the nation of Mexico. Cattle ranches, or ranchos , emerged as the dominant institutions of Mexican California. After Mexican independence from Spain, the chain of missions became the property of the Mexican government and were secularized by 1832. The ranchos developed under ownership by Californios (Spanish-speaking Californians) who had received land grants and traded cowhides and tallow with Boston merchants.Beginning in the 1820s, trappers and settlers from the United States and Canada began to arrive in Northern California, harbingers of the great changes that would later sweep the Mexican territory. These new arrivals used the Siskiyou Trail , California Trail , Oregon Trail , and Old Spanish Trail to cross the rugged mountains and harsh deserts surrounding California. In this period, Imperial Russia explored the California coast and established a trading post at Fort Ross . The Bear Flag of the Republic of California In 1846, settlers rebelled against Mexican rule during the Bear Flag Revolt . Afterwards, rebels raised the Bear Flag (featuring a bear, a star, a red stripe, and the words "California Republic") at Sonoma. “ [we] overthrow a Government which has seized upon the property of the Missions for its individual... read more

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