1400-BOOK OF HOURS,NETHERLANDS,BREVIER,MIDDLE-AGES-OVER 600 YEARS OLD- RARELY!!!

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Medieval BREVIER-Handwriting Complex arranged HandwritingThe Netherlands area Flandern Book of Hours Heavy-Vellum Flandern, around 1400!!! ** Netherlands-Flandern, around 1400 ** ** Netherlands Scriptorium- Masterpiece ** ** Museum-Handwriting ** ** Heavy Vellum ** Gold Colored Minuskeln and Lombarden classities colored climbing work and hands ornaments GOTHIC MINUSKELN The county Flanders was enough in the Middle Ages until far into the today's France inside. The region around Dünkirchen belongs to the traditional Netherlands language area, however since the French revolution French was ordered for the inhabitants as only office and school language, so that the Netherlands native language during a continuous language process was increasingly displaced. After the death of the last burgundischen King Karl the bold one in the battle with Nancy 1477 became its possessions between the habsburgischen ore duke Maximilian of Austria, the later emperor Maximilian I. and king Ludwig XI. divided by France. Flanders came thereby under the rule of the Habsburger and became part of the holy Roman realm. After the death of Karl V. the entire former burgundischen possessions including Flanders the Spanish Habsburgern were awarded. These tried by force to suppress the spreading Protestantism. Therefore, and also because of the restriction of the old freedoms it came to the rebellion of the Netherlands provinces against Spain. The provinces of the Utrechter union said themselves 1579 of Spain loose and could their independence in the so-called eighty-year old war fight for. In the Westfäli peace 1648 the independence (northern) of the Netherlands was internationally confirmed, while Flanders with the southern provinces under Spanish rule remained. In the wars with Ludwig XIV. of France Spain southern parts of its possessions at France transfer had (among other things the Artois) and for instance the today's course of the border between Belgium and France developed in. To becoming extinct the Spanish Habsburger and the Spanish succession war Flanders with the other formerly Spanish provinces came in peacetime of Utrecht 1713 under Austrian habsburgische rule and remained there, until it was conquered in the context of the French revolution wars 1794 by France. The hourly book (also Horarium; (spätlat. horarium = clock), livre d' heures [livr ˈdœr], that; (frz.= hourly book)) were the structure after the Brevier of the Roman-catholic church very similar a prayer and a devotion book for the hourly prayer. Certainly they were first later for laymen, also for clerics. The hourly books came into 13. Century up and displaced the Psalter from its controlling role as Gebetbuch. In the late Middle Ages they were in circles rich, read-well-informed aristocracy and city aristocracy the private devotion book par excellence. Principal items of the hourly books formed a marianisches Offizium and the Totenoffizium. The designation hourly book leads itself off of therein the contained, to certain hours at praying day times. Originally beginning around midnight with the Matutin, which was summarized in the morning for practical reasons in the course of the years with the Laudes at three o'clock, one prayed in the morning in the three-hour rhythm starting from six o'clock prime, third, the Sext, the Non (Liturgie) the Vesper (Liturgie) and the Komplet. In hourly books were also Cisiojanus Merkverse, which helped during the dating of the mobile celebrations of the church yearly. Gold foil ornaments could afford to larger extent only princes, bishops and rich monasteries. One painted with thin brushes and water or opaque colors, drawn with india ink and goose keel. As red color means red ochers, Zinnober, Menninge, carmine, Vermiculum, Folium, kite blood, Krapp found and later also Brasilholz use. The precious magenta served in the antiquity and in the early Middle Ages to dyeing some particularly magnificent Pergamentmanuskripte, which were then described with gold or silver ink. For yellow colours stood yellow ochers, Auripigment, lead-yellow, Safran a... read more

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