Ancient Greek Coin NABATAEAN King Aretas IV Cornucopias

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Certified Authentic Ancient Greek Coin i7535) GREEK Nabataean Kingdom King Aretas IV Reigned 9 B.C. - 40 B.C. Bronze 16mm Struck circa 9 B.C. -40 A.D. Reference: Sear GCI 5701; B.M.C. 28.9,27 Obverse: Conjoined busts Aretas, laureate, and Queen Shaqilath, draped. Reverse: Two cornucopiae, crossed; monogram between. This coin's Numismatist Suggested Retail Price : $49.99. This will be reflected in the Certificate and makes a great gift! The north-Arabian kingdom of the Nabataeans, with their capital at petra, continued in existance until the early years of the 2nd Century A.D., when emperor Trajan created the Roman province of Arabia. --- Originally named Aeneas, he seized the throne on the death of Obodas III and tafter styled himself Aretas Philopatris. His daughter married herod Antipas, whose territory he later invaded without Roman permission, 37 A.D. However, he managed to obtain the favor of Caligula who granted him control of Damascus. Ancient Greece: The Athenian adventurous spirit, and their loyalty to their Ionian kin led them to come to the aid of the Asia Minor colonies that were feuding with the powerful Persian Empire. To aid the Ionian Revolt, led by Miletus, the Athenians landed a small garrison in Ionia to fight against the Persians and to spread the revolt. The Greek forces burned the capital of Lydia, Sardis in 498 enraging the Persians, before they were finally defeated in 494 BCE. The sacking of Sardis invoked the wrath of Darius who vowed revenge. In 490 BCE, he landed his forces twenty miles north of Athens, at Marathon. While the Spartans were occupied with a religious festival, the outnumbered Athenians under the leadership of Miltiades mounted a surprise attack and routed the dumbfounded Persians at Marathon to preserve Greek independence for the time being. It took ten years, but the Persian king Xerxes, determined to succeed in his second attempt, amassed what Herodotus described as the greatest army ever put together in order to attack Greece again. The Athenians, expecting a full attack from the Persians, under the leadership of Themistokles cashed the silver extracted from the newly dug mines of Lavrion, and built a formidable navy of triremes. Xerxes crossed the Hellespont in 480 BCE with his massive army and began annexing Greece through land and sea. The first line of defense for the Greek alliance of city-states was at the narrow passage of Thermopylae w Leonidas with 300 Spartans and 700 Thespians held back the mighty Persian army for three days before they fell to a man through deceit. At the same time the Athenian ships fought the Persian navy to a stalemate at nearby Artemision before it withdrew to the straights of Salamina. The Athenians vacated the entire non-combat population from their city, so when the Persians arrived they met no resistance. They took vengeance on the buildings and temples of Athens by burning them to the ground, and anchored their fleet at Faliron in pursuit of the Greek navy that was sheltered at nearby Salamina Island. While the joint leadership of the Hellenes argued in typical Greek fashion if they should withdraw to the Peloponnese and w to engage the Pesians next, Themistokles, seeking an advantageous quick battle, invoked the Persian fleet into attacking as the Greek ships faked an early morning escape from Salamina. As the Persians pursued what they thought was a fleeing foe, the Greck triremes turned and engaged the surprised Persians inflicting massive casualties and decimating the Persian navy. With his navy destroyed, Xerxes feared that the Greek triremes would rush to the Hellespont to cut off his only way home, so he withdrew back to Asia leaving his able general Mardonious to fight the Greeks. The next year, in 479 BCE, this Persian army was defeated at Plataea by the alliance of Greek states u... read more

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