Genuine 22K Gold Lapis Arabic Intaglio Bead Ring

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Antiquecounter Genuine 22K Gold Lapis Arabic Intaglio Bead Ring Genuine 22K Gold Lapis Arabic Intaglio Bead Ring Product information Weight : Approx. 4.1 grams. Size: 9.5 us finger size. Type of stone: Lapis Lazuli Stone size: Approx. 10.5mmx10.5mm. Materail: Genuine 22k Gold. Condition: Excellent Condition. Origin: Discovered in Roman. The Roman Empire Rome's artistic heritage, including jewelry and beads, was largely derived from the preceding Greek Hellenistic period. In turn, Hellenistic craftsmen had themselves been influenced by exposure to Persian, Phoenician, Egyptian, and northern Indian traditions. It is tfore not surprising that Roman beads are a cross-cultural mixture of materials, stylistic concepts, and technical knowledge. The Romans emerged from a small second millennium B.C. enclave near Rome to become the dominant power in the Mediterranean and Europe until their empire's collapse in A.D. 476. By A.D. 100, Rome's territories extended from Armenia and Assyria in the east to Germany and Britain in the north and Mauritania and Egypt in the south. The Roman period, New Kingdom Egypt, and the era of Islamic dominance in the Mediterranean ( C. A.D ) are generally considered the three great periods of ancient glassmaking. The terms "Roman" and "Roman-period" glass are used to describe glass production from 100 B.C. to A.D. 400 within the boundaries of the Roman Empire, including workshops in Syria, Egypt, Italy, Switzerland, the Rhineland, France, and England. Everyw the Romans went they brought glass beads to trade. Produced in a large range of colors, patterns, and frequently complex techniques, Roman-made glass beads were widely coveted. Exchanged as far north as Scandinavia, and as far east and south as China, Korea, Iran, Syria, Mail, and Ethiopia, quantities of Roman-period glass beads have been found in each of these countries, frequently raising the question of w they were originally manufactured because of their similar patterns and manufacturing techniques. After Alexander's conquests, the practice of glassmaking appears to have moved from the interior of Egypt to Hellenistic Alexandria, w exquisite mosaic glass was manufactured from 300 B.C. to A.D.100. ( Yet, despite the city's reputation as the ancient center of the luxury glass industry, no glassmaking factory has ever been found in Alexandria. ) About 100 B.C., glassmakers in Sidon and Tyre on the Lebanese coast competed with the Alexandrians in producing beautiful glass beads. Eventually, craftsmen from both centers migrated to new locations within the Roman provinces, setting up factories and disseminating techniques and forms. During the first century B.C., core forming, a glass manufacturing technique technique long in use, went out of style. Newly invented larger furnaces with hotter fires were capable of creating a more fluid glass, affecting bead shapes and their patterns. Furthermore, glass's constituents ( sand, alkali, and coloring agents ) were refined, subsequently producing purer glass. The invention of the blowpipe, reputedly in sidon, completely modernized the glass industry by increasing the level of production and opening the way for still further new techniques, forms, and decorative styles. Although the blowpipe was not directly relevant to glass beadmaking, since few beads were blown ( the great majority were still produced by winding and the newly introduced drawn techniques) , the combined result of all these innovations under Roman guidance was the growth of glassmaking into a large-scale industry. More glass was made in the first century A.D. than in the previous fifteen hundred years. Because the material was widely obtainable, relatively inexpensive, and no longer reserved for the elite, everyone could now afford to wear beads. While beads manufactured in the European provinces during the late Roman period were generally of poorer quality than those of earlier times, glassworks along the east coast of the Mediterranean and within the Byzantin... read more

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