PHILPPINES ARMY IN IRAQ-PHILIPPINE CHESS GRANDMASTERS

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PHILPPINES ARMY IN IRAQ-PHILIPPINE CHESS GRANDMASTERS 4 STAMPS-COMPLETE SET Mark Paragua Rogelio Antonio Jr. Darwin Laylo Eugene Torre ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ SOURCE: The Armed Forces of the Philippines ( AFP ) ( Tagalog : Sandatahang Lakas ng Pilipinas , or in Spanish : Fuerzas Armadas de Filipinas ) is composed of the Philippine Army , Philippine Navy and Philippine Air Force . The AFP is a volunteer force and has a total active strength of 200,000 with more than 170,000 personnel in reserve service. ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++During the Philippine Commonwealth era, President Manuel L. Quezon , the first president of the Commonwealth, renamed the Philippine Army to the Armed Forces of the Philippines on December 22, 1935, in accordance with the National Defense Act of 1935 (thus, December 22 of every year is designated as AFP Day) and asked General Douglas MacArthur to be its first commanding officer after the Philippines gained independence from the U.S. MacArthur accepted the offer and became the only person of foreign citizenship to be in the ranks of the AFP. MacArthur held the rank of Field Marshal, a rank no other person has since held in the AFP. MacArthur expanded the Philippine Armed Forces with the revival of the Navy in 1940 and the formation of the Philippine Army Air Corps (formerly the Philippine Constabulary Air Corps), but they were not ready for combat at the start of the Pacific War in December 1941 and unable to defeat the 1941–42 Japanese invasion of the Philippines .During World War II , all soldiers of the Philippine military were incorporated in the U.S. Army Forces Far East (USAFFE), with MacArthur appointed as its commander. USAFFE made its last stand on Corregidor Island in the Philippines, after which Japanese forces were able to force all remaining Filipino and American troops to surrender. After Japan was defeated in World War II, the Philippines, in 1946, gained its independence at long last (its second independence – the Philippines recognizes Aguinaldo's declaration of independence in 1898 as its original year of independence). 1947 saw the birth of the modern day AFP with the upgrading of the PAAC into today's Philippine Air Force .During the Korean War from 1951 to 1953, the Philippines sent an AFP battalion to fight as part of the US-led United Nations forces in liberating South Korea from the invading North Korean troops, reinforced then by various units of the Communist Chinese People's Liberation Army . At the same time the armed forces, now reinforced with the then newly raised Philippine Marine Corps under the PN, fought against Communist elements of the Hukbalahap (by then the Bagong Hukbong Bayan, the Philippine counterpart of the PLA) in Central Luzon, two Southern Tagalog provinces and several Visayan provinces, with great sucesses.And on 1966, an AFP battalion was also sent into South Vietnam during the Vietnam War to ameliorate the economic and social conditions of its people there. AFP units were also sent in the same time to the Spratly Islands .Upon the declaration of Martial Law in 1972, then-President Ferdinand Marcos used the AFP to arrest, torture or kill his political opponents. Marcos politicized the officer corps with officers from his home province of Ilocos Norte being promoted to higher rank and given top command positions in order to further consolidate his control over the military. Therefore, the military had gained a bad reputation and in effect, served as Marcos' private army. The promotion system was based only on the loyalty to the President and the national government.The AFP also at that time, waged a military campaign against the secessionist Moro National Liberation Front in the island of Mindanao and New People's Ar... read more

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