RUSSIA RUSSIANS MOSCOW ODESSA KARA SIBERIA AMUR REVOLT

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TITLE: SIXTEEN YEARS IN SIBERIA. WITH NOTES AND A BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENT IN RUSSIA PUB: LONDON JOHN MURRAY 1905 BY: LEO DEUTSCHDATE: 1905 BOOK DESCRIPTION: VERY GOOD BUT WORN ILLUSTRATED ORANGE CLOTH COVERS. DOUBLE HEADED BLACK RUSSIAN EAGLE ON FRONT BOARD. FRONT BOARD IS STAINED AND WORN. HINGES LOOSE CONTENTS FINE. FRONTIS AND NUMEROUS OTHER BLACK AND WHITE ILLS. 8 VO 376pp ENGLISH TEXT BOOK CONTENTS THE AUTHOR 'S SIXTEEN YEARS PUNISHMENT IN SIBERIA FOR BEING A REVOLUTIONARY. The 1905 Russian Revolution was a wave of mass political and social unrest that spread through vast areas of the Russian Empire . Some of it was directed against the government, while some was undirected. It included terrorism , worker strikes , peasant unrest, and military mutinies . It led to the establishment of limited constitutional monarchy , the State Duma of the Russian Empire , the multi-party system , and the Russian Constitution of 1906 . [edit ]Rise of the opposition At the start of the 20th century, Russian liberals formed the Union of Zemstvo Constitutionalists (1903) and the Union of Liberation (1904) which called for a constitutional monarchy. Russian socialists formed two major groups: the Socialist-Revolutionary Party , following the Russian populist tradition, and the Marxist Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party .In the autumn of 1904, liberals started a series of banquets celebrating the 40th anniversary of the liberal court statutes and calling for political reforms and establishment of a constitution. On 13 December [ O.S. 30 November] 1904, the Moscow City Duma passed a resolution, demanding establishment of an elected national legislature, full freedom of the press , and freedom of religion . Similar resolutions and appeals from other city dumas and zemstvo councils followed.Tsar Nicholas II made a move to fulfill many of these demands, appointing liberal Pyotr Dmitrievich Sviatopolk-Mirskii Minister of the Interior after the assassination of Vyacheslav von Plehve . On 25 December [ O.S. 12 December] 1904, the Tsar issued a manifesto promising the broadening of the Zemstvo and local municipal councils' authority, insurance for industrial workers, the emancipation of Inorodtsy , and the abolition of censorship. However, the crucial point of representative national legislature was missing in the manifesto. [ edit ]Start of the revolution In December 1904, a strike occurred at the Putilov plant (a railway and artillery supplier) in Saint Petersburg. Sympathy strikes in other parts of the city raised the number of strikers to over 80,000. Controversial Orthodox priest George Gapon , who headed a police-sponsored workers' association, led a huge workers' procession to the Winter Palace to deliver a petition to the Tsar on Sunday, 22 January [ O.S. 9 January] 1905. The troops guarding the Winter Palace who had been ordered to tell the demonstrators not to pass a certain point, according to Sergei Witte , opened fire on them, which resulted in more than 200 (according to Witte) to 1000 deaths. The event became known as Bloody Sunday , and is usually considered the start of the active phase of the revolution.The events in Saint Petersburg provoked public indignation and a series of massive strikes that spread quickly throughout the industrial centres of the Russian Empire. Polish socialists — both the PPS and the SDKPiL — called for a general strike. By the end of January 1905, over 400,000 workers in Russian Poland were on strike (see Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland (1905–1907) ). There were also strikes in Finland and the Baltic coast. In Riga , 80 protesters were killed on 26 January [ O.S. 13 January] 1905, and in Warsaw a few days later over 100 strikers were shot on the streets. By February, there were strikes in the Caucasus , and by April, in the Urals and beyond. In March, all higher academic institutions were forcibly closed for the remai... read more

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